《科学》专访校长窦贤康
编者按：12月21日，国际著名学术期刊 Science （《科学》）以 Beautiful Campus, Beautiful Minds: Celebrating Wuhan University’s Past and Present 为题，刊发了武汉大学校长窦贤康的专访。全文中英文对照版本如下：
当期《science》杂志封面
Wuhan University is often described as having one of China’s most beautiful campuses. In the Spring, lotus flowers pop up on the small, central lake, and cherry blossoms line an avenue running below the imposing stone buildings of the Old Dormitory. If you’re willing to climb the steep stairs past the Old Dormitory — fondly known as Cherry Blossom Castle by faculty — you can gaze across to the main administrative building, and the hill covered in sun-dappled trees behind it.
武汉大学常被认为是中国最美丽的大学之一。春日里，鉴湖上，莲花初放，雄伟的石质建筑老斋舍下，樱花开满整条大道。如果你愿意爬上陡峭的楼梯，经过老斋舍——教职员工们亲切地称之为樱花城堡——你便能眺望对面的行政大楼，以及大楼背后、暖阳之中树影斑驳的小山。
老图书馆
But, says Wuhan University president Xiankang Dou, there’s more to the university than just pleasant scenery.
但是，武汉大学校长窦贤康表示，这所大学可不仅仅只有宜人的风景而已。
“When you come to Wuhan University, you’ll see that it’s beautiful and we have a great history. But that’s not enough,” he says, sitting in the main administrative building.“We are creating an environment and atmosphere where we respect knowledge and hard work.”
他坐在行政大楼里，说道：“初来武汉大学，你会发现校园很美，会看到我们悠久的历史， 但这还不够。”“我们正在创造一种尊重知识和尊重努力工作的环境和氛围。”
行政楼
Wuhan University was founded 125 years ago in Wuhan, a city of around 10 million in China’s central, landlocked Hubei province. In a sense, the campus is like a smaller version of the city itself — Wuhan is also centered around a series of lakes, including the enormous East Lake. When the university was founded, it was a little different from other universities in China. At the time, most universities focused on a single discipline, whereas Wuhan University offered accounting, business, physics, and foreign languages. That remains true today, and the university now boasts Lei Jun, the founder of smartphone maker Xiaomi, and a former prime minister of Kazakhstan among its alumni.
武汉大学建校已有125年历史，学校坐落于人口约有 1000万人的湖北省武汉市，这是一座位于中国中部的内陆城市。在某种意义上讲，武汉大学的校园就像是武汉市的一个浓缩版——武汉置身众湖之中，浩瀚广阔的东湖亦在此列。武汉大学成立之初，便与中国的其他大学略有不同。当时，多数大学只专注于某一门学科，而武汉大学则提供会计、商务、物理和外语的教学。现在，武汉大学以智能手机制造商小米的创始人雷军、一名哈萨克斯坦前总理等校友为荣。
小米创始人雷军校友
哈萨克斯坦前总理马西莫夫校友
“[Wuhan University] is a comprehensive university, so we have many interdisciplinary discussions. These create the uniqueness of our university. The social scientist can talk with the life scientist — this kind of mixture generates more creativity,” Dou says. “I’m really proud of our glorious past, our flourishing present, and our bright future.”
“[武汉大学] 是一所综合性大学，因此我们有很多跨学科的研讨。这造就了我校的独特魅力。社会科学工作者可以和生命科学工作者一起探讨切磋——这种交叉融合能激发更大的创造力”，窦校长表示，“我为我们辉煌的过去、繁荣的现在和光明的未来倍感自豪。”
Over its lifetime, the university has undergone many iterations: different names, different buildings—and, of course, different students and faculty. But one thing that’s stayed constant is the university’s emphasis on taking care of its students, says Dou.
窦校长说，武汉大学一路走来，经历了诸多变迁：不同的校名、不同的建筑——当然还有不同的师生。但有一点一直保持不变，那就是校方对学生的关心。
Dou points to how past presidents at Wuhan University made special efforts to look after their scholars. In the 1930s, the country was beset by the Second Sino-Japanese war, causing hardship and death around China. Nevertheless, the university continued to house its scholars in grand cottages on Luojia Hill, the sunny knoll behind the administrative building. “[It was] to show our values and attitudes towards these professors, that we wanted to continue to strengthen the foundation of our university and excel academically,” he says.
在谈到武汉大学的历任校长如何尽力照顾其学者时，窦校长举了一个例子。20世纪30年代，抗战时期的中国，举国上下流血牺牲，人民群众生活困苦。尽管如此，武汉大学仍继续将其学者们安置在珞珈山上的大别墅里，珞珈山是行政大楼后面宜人的小山。他说：“[此举] 体现了我们对这些学者的价值观和态度，我们希望继续强化建校之基，在学术上脱颖而出。”
20世纪30年代的珞珈山十八栋
Dou, who became president in 2016, has had an impressive academic career in his own right. He studied space physics at the University of Science and Technology of China (USTC), a prestigious research university in eastern Anhui province. He admits that at the time, he didn’t know exactly what he was getting into. “When I was a child, I didn’t know the difference between astrophysics and space physics,” he explains. “I liked to think about outer space, and that’s why I chose space physics.” He focused much of his research on the earth’s atmosphere, namely the stratosphere and mesosphere. In the following decades, he won numerous awards and accolades — last year he was honored by being selected as a member of the Chinese Academy of Sciences.
窦教授于2016年出任武大校长，他个人的学术成就令人印象深刻。他曾在中国科学技术大学（USTC）学习空间物理，这是一所著名的研究型大学，位于安徽省东部。他坦言，当时并不知道自己将面对一个怎样的学科。他解释说：“在我还是个孩子的时候，我不知道天体物理学和空间物理学有什么区别。”“我那时对外太空很是好奇，这就是我选择空间物理学的原因。”他大部分的研究集中在地球大气层方面，即对平流层和中间层的研究。在接下来的几十年里，他赢得了许多奖项和荣誉——去年，他荣选为中国科学院院士。
2017年11月，窦贤康当选为中国科学院院士
During his tenure as university president, Dou’s focus has been firmly back on earth. He’s making it his mission to attract top talent to the university and turn it into a world-class research university. To him, that requires paying attention to two things: improving the teaching facility and enhancing the living conditions and standards for students. For the latter, that means allowing students to choose their courses, as well as ensuring that they have a good studying environment. “The goal of the university is to foster young talent who can better serve society. As such, we put the students’ goals and requirements as our utmost priority,” says Dou, who personally pays attention to the condition of the students’ living quarters.
在担任校长期间，窦校长的重心回归地球表面。他的使命是吸引顶尖人才来到武汉大学，并将武汉大学建设成世界一流的研究型大学。对他来说，这需要注意两件事：改善教学设施和改善学生的学习生活条件。对于后者，这意味着允许学生自由选课，并确保他们拥有良好的学习环境。窦校长说：“大学的目标是培养能更好服务社会的年轻人才。 因此，我们把学生的目标和要求作为我们的首要任务。”而他个人也十分关心学生的住宿条件。
窦贤康走访学生宿舍
Although Dou says he’s proud of Wuhan University, he has big plans to make it even better. “I have a dream,” he says. “Today, the competition between universities is really fierce. In the next decade, I believe and hope that we can continue to bring high-level teaching faculty to our university. This will help us to build a first-class university, respected nationally and internationally.”
尽管窦校长说他已经为武汉大学感到自豪，但他还有一个让武汉大学好上加好的宏伟计划。他说：“我有一个梦想。”“今天，大学之间的竞争非常激烈。在接下来的十年里，我相信并希望我们能够继续把高水平的教师引进到我校。这将帮助我们建设一所不仅在国内广受赞誉，而且在国际上也享有声誉的一流大学。”
Of course, part of achieving that goal will be getting more papers published in top academic journals, says Dou. But that’s only one aspect of what he is hoping for from his academic staff. “We also believe that our faculty can focus more on the construction of our country, the development of our society, and the improvement of our economy,” Dou says.
当然，实现这一目标的一部分，是在顶级学术期刊上发表更多论文。但这，只是他希望从学术人员那里看到的一个方面。窦校长说：“我们还相信，我们的教职员工会更加关注我们的国家建设、社会发展和经济腾飞。”
Dou is also keen to encourage and attract more international students — particularly those from developing countries. That’s partly to increase trust and partnerships between China and the countries in question, but also to provide students from those countries with tools that they can take back to their home companies to advance their developing medical and legal systems, he says, pointing to Africa and Southeast Asia as areas of particular interest. Already, Wuhan has large numbers of international students compared to other universities in China. To Dou, this is impressive—after all, Wuhan doesn’t have the glitzy, big-city romance of Shanghai, or the grand, historical significance of Beijing. “We are in the hinterlands of China, but we still attract an impressive number of students. That is quite unique,” he says, proudly.
窦校长还热衷于鼓励和吸引更多的国际学生——尤其是来自发展中国家的学生。 他说，这一方面是为了增强中国与有关国家之间的互信和伙伴关系，另外一方面也为这些国家的学生提供可以带回国内的技能，帮助他们的国家进一步完善建设中的医疗和法律制度，尤其是非洲和东南亚地区。与中国的其他大学相比，武汉大学已经拥有大量的国际学生。对窦校长来说，这非常不容易——毕竟，武汉没有上海作为时尚大都市的浪漫情调，也没有北京那样浩瀚悠久的历史。他自豪地说：“我们虽身处中国的腹地，但仍然吸引了大量的学生，这实属不易。”
珞珈金秋国际文化节
And unsurprisingly, given Dou’s own background, the university is pouring millions into developing better facilities across the sciences. According to him, Wuhan University is already one of the strongest in China for space science, and in the coming years he wants to attract more exceptional students to the university and increase cooperation with researchers in the United States and United Kingdom.
鉴于窦校长自己的背景，不出所料，武汉大学在各个科学领域，正投入数百万资金来提供更好的设施条件。据他介绍，武汉大学已经成为中国空间科学实力最强的大学之一，未来几年，他希望吸引更多的优秀学生就读武汉大学，并加强与美国和英国研究人员的合作。
But one thing Dou won’t be trying to do is increase student admissions. “Because I come from the smallest university in China,” he says, referring to USTC, “I don’t really have any interest in increasing the number of students at our university.” Instead, he just wants to focus on attracting the right people and making sure they are supported and encouraged adequately. “We want to turn them into the top thinkers in their fields—it’s about quality, not quantity,” he says.
但有一件事，窦校长并不想去做，那就是扩招。“因为我来自中国最小的大学，”他指的是中国科学技术大学，“所以我对扩招没有什么兴趣。”与此相反，他只想集中精力吸引合适的学生，并确保他们得到足够的支持和鼓励。他说：“我们要将他们培养成为各自领域的顶尖人才——这关乎质量，而非数量。”
窦贤康解读量子激光雷达
Although Wuhan University has grand plans and is certainly more than just a beautiful campus, the fact that the surroundings are aesthetically pleasing certainly doesn’t hurt. Students wander idly, taking in the last of the sun, or run around the sports track. When Dou is asked his favorite place in the university, he responds without hesitation: the boulevard of cherry blossoms, of course.
武汉大学有着宏图伟志，当然远远不止只有美丽的校园那么简单，但拥有美学上令人愉悦的环境当然也没什么坏处。学生们惬意地散步，尽情地晒着太阳，抑或奔跑在运动场上。当被问及哪里是校园里最喜欢的地方时，窦校长毫不犹豫地回答：当然是樱花大道。
樱花大道
Looking nostalgic, he recalls watching a coming-of-age film called “Girls' Dormitory,” as a college student at USTC in the 1980s, when there were few movies available in China. The film told the story of five first-year students who lived in the Old Dormitory next to the boulevard of cherry blossoms. Even now, that cherry-blossom lined avenue beside the dormitories reminds him of watching that film, and in turn, of being a youthful college student himself. The Old Dormitory exhibits a combination of Western and Chinese architecture styles, which to Dou represent both the university’s glorious history, and its modern spirit of openness and tolerance.
回首往事，他回忆起上世纪80年代看过的一部名为《女大学生宿舍》的电影。那时他还在中国科学技术大学念书，而当时的中国，几乎没有什么电影。这部成长题材的影片讲述了住在樱花大道旁老斋舍的五位大一新生的故事。即使是现在，宿舍旁边的樱花大道仍让他想起那部电影，同时，也想起自己当年的大学岁月。老斋舍展现了中西合璧的建筑风格，对窦校长来说，它既代表了大学的光辉历史，也代表了大学开放宽容的现代精神。
“[Standing] on this boulevard, we can feel the history of Wuhan University,” Dou says, referring to the generations of students and teachers that have walked there before.“We see the past, the present, and the future of this university."
窦校长说：“[站在]这条大道上，我们可以感受到武汉大学的历史。”他指的是曾经在此走过的一代代武汉大学师生。“我们看到这所大学的过去、现在和未来。”
（翻译：国际交流部，摄影：邱俊伟 彭敏 张然 杨子晴 向黎君等，供图：武汉大学档案馆 中科院 中纪委网等，编辑：晓宇、陈丽霞）